Atom
Atom
Atoms are the main building blocks of matter. All the materials are made up of very small particles called atoms. For example chair, water, air, plants and humans etc.
Atom consists of three sub atomic particles they are electron, proton and neutron. Protons and neutrons are stick together to form a nucleus in the center of atom. These protons and neutrons are stick together because of the strong nuclear force present between them.
Atom consists of three sub atomic particles they are electron, proton and neutron. Protons and neutrons are stick together to form a nucleus in the center of atom. These protons and neutrons are stick together because of the strong nuclear force present between them.
Electron :
Electrons are negatively charged particles which are moving with high velocity around the nucleus of atom in specific paths called orbits.
As long as the electron is held in a particular orbit its energy is constant. Therefore these orbits are called as stationary obits.
The electrons are held in orbit because of the electrostatic force of attraction present between electrons and protons. Electrostatic force is a force of attraction or repulsion present between charged particles (electrons and protons).
The mass of the electron is very small, its mass is 9.107 × 10-31 kilograms. Electrons are revolving around the nucleus in different orbits. Each orbit has certain fixed amount of energy.
The mass of the electron is 1830 times smaller than the mass of proton.Therefore, the mass of the electrons orbiting the nucleus is negligible compared to mass of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom.
Electron is denoted by a symbol e-. It has a charge of 1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs (C).
Electrons are negatively charged particles which are moving with high velocity around the nucleus of atom in specific paths called orbits.
As long as the electron is held in a particular orbit its energy is constant. Therefore these orbits are called as stationary obits.
The electrons are held in orbit because of the electrostatic force of attraction present between electrons and protons. Electrostatic force is a force of attraction or repulsion present between charged particles (electrons and protons).
The mass of the electron is very small, its mass is 9.107 × 10-31 kilograms. Electrons are revolving around the nucleus in different orbits. Each orbit has certain fixed amount of energy.
The mass of the electron is 1830 times smaller than the mass of proton.Therefore, the mass of the electrons orbiting the nucleus is negligible compared to mass of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom.
Electron is denoted by a symbol e-. It has a charge of 1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs (C).
Proton :
Proton is a positively charged particle. It is more heavier than electron, mass of proton is 1.672 × 10-27kilograms. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of a atom.
Proton is denoted by a symbol p+. It has a charge of 1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs (C). The charge of proton is equal to charge of electron but have opposite polarity.
Proton is denoted by a symbol p+. It has a charge of 1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs (C). The charge of proton is equal to charge of electron but have opposite polarity.
Neutron :
Neutron has no electric charge. The mass of neutron is slightly higher than that of the proton. Mass of neutron is 1.675 ×10-27 Kilograms. The nucleus of every atom consists of at least one neutron.
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract
On the other hand, positively charged particles (protons) are attracted to the negatively charged particles (electrons) and vice versa. We can simply say that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
Like charges repel each other because repulsive force is present between them and similarly unlike charges attract each other because attractive force is present between.
Since the electron is more smaller and lighter than proton, during the attraction of the opposite charged particles (proton and electron), the electron will usually moves more than the proton because proton have more mass than the electron, so it is harder to move for the proton. Although electron is very small but the electric charge of the electron is equal to the electric charge of proton.
The attraction between positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons holds an atom together.
Generally, in a atom the total number of protons is equal to the total number of electrons. When the atom have equal number of electrons and protons, then the atom is said to be electrically neutral because protons and electrons have opposites charges so they cancel each other which results in zero net charge.
On the other hand, positively charged particles (protons) are attracted to the negatively charged particles (electrons) and vice versa. We can simply say that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
Like charges repel each other because repulsive force is present between them and similarly unlike charges attract each other because attractive force is present between.
Since the electron is more smaller and lighter than proton, during the attraction of the opposite charged particles (proton and electron), the electron will usually moves more than the proton because proton have more mass than the electron, so it is harder to move for the proton. Although electron is very small but the electric charge of the electron is equal to the electric charge of proton.
The attraction between positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons holds an atom together.
Generally, in a atom the total number of protons is equal to the total number of electrons. When the atom have equal number of electrons and protons, then the atom is said to be electrically neutral because protons and electrons have opposites charges so they cancel each other which results in zero net charge.
Atomic number :
The number of protons in the nucleus of a atom is called as atomic number. In a neutral atom number of protons is equal to number of electrons. Therefore in neutral atom, atomic number is equal to number of electrons. Atomic number is also known as proton number. It is represented by a symbol ' Z '.
The number of protons in the nucleus of a atom is called as atomic number. In a neutral atom number of protons is equal to number of electrons. Therefore in neutral atom, atomic number is equal to number of electrons. Atomic number is also known as proton number. It is represented by a symbol ' Z '.
Neutron number :
The number of neutrons in the nucleus of a atom is called as neutron number. Neutron number is denoted by a symbol ' N '.
The number of neutrons in the nucleus of a atom is called as neutron number. Neutron number is denoted by a symbol ' N '.
Mass number :
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom is called as mass number. Mass number is also called as nucleon number or atomic mass number. It is represented by a symbol ' A '. we can write is as
A = Z + N
Where,
N = neutron number
Z = atomic number
A = mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom is called as mass number. Mass number is also called as nucleon number or atomic mass number. It is represented by a symbol ' A '. we can write is as
A = Z + N
Where,
N = neutron number
Z = atomic number
A = mass number
A = Z + N
Where,
N = neutron number
Z = atomic number
A = mass number